Motor neuron disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by high morbidity and mortality rates. Owing to global aging, the MND burden is forecasted to rise, specifically in regions with rapidly aging populations. This study utilizes the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to assess the global and regional MND burden from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends until 2040. The study analyzed age-standardized prevalence rates, incidence rates, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for MND across socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, age groups, and sexes. The findings indicated an increase in global MND prevalence by 68.43% from 1990 to 2021, while the age-standardized prevalence rate slightly declined. The analysis also showed that global mortality and DALY rates have continued to rise, particularly in high-SDI regions. Projected trends suggest that by 2040, global MND prevalence will decline slightly, whereas incidence, mortality, and DALYs will continue to perpetuate in low and mid-SDI regions due to aging populations. In conclusion, the burden of MND is heavily influenced by aging, especially in high-SDI regions. Despite a decrease in incidence rates, mortality and disability burdens are increasing, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, improved healthcare access, and negotiations around socio-economic disparities to mitigate future MND impact.

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